1. The reflection of light from the surfaces of many kinds of leaves has been measured by means of a direct reading spectrophotometer, the measurements being made normal (that is, at an angle of 90⚬ ...

Manufacturers are adopting automated optical inspection (AOI) systems based on phase shift profilometry (PSP) for applications in advanced packaging processes. Many of these processes use front ...

Surface chemistry and catalysis studies could significantly gain from the systematic variation of surface active sites, tested under the very same conditions. Curved crystals are excellent platforms ...

Transparent plastic optical lenses can be manufactured cheaply and in any shape. However, a downside is that they reflect light just as much as glass does. Researchers are exhibiting a new type of ...